Nationally, around half of all Aboriginal prisoners are incarcerated for Acts Intended to Cause Injury (e.g. assault) and/or Offences Against Justice Procedures (e.g. breach of bail or parole). Through focus groups and interviews with Aboriginal prisoners in South Australia and Northern Territory (where these offences are most prevalent), as well as intensive immersion within key communities to which Aboriginal prisoners return, this research will capture the complex personal, cultural, and social factors underpinning behaviour in these categories. This will be the first study of its kind nationally and will generate context-specific knowledge for reducing Aboriginal incarceration.